Learn Punjabi
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Punjabi · Gurmukhi script · ~113 million speakers · Punjab (India and Pakistan), Haryana, Delhi
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Every page below is free, with native script, romanisation and English. Print any of them or use them as flashcards.
Words
Phrases
Vocabulary
- Numbers 1–100112 entries
- Common verbs25 entries
- Common adjectives25 entries
- Common adverbs15 entries
- Pronouns10 entries
- Question words10 entries
- Family relations31 entries
- Colors13 entries
- Days, months & time31 entries
- Body parts24 entries
- Animals, fruits & vegetables46 entries
- Greetings by occasion22 entries
- Proverbs & idioms8 entries
Grammar
- Punjabi personal pronounsPunjabi has two levels of "you" — ਤੂੰ (tūṅ) for intimates and ਤੁਸੀਂ (tusīṅ) for respect or plural. Unlike Hindi, there is no middle "tum" level.
- Punjabi present tense verbsPunjabi's habitual present adds -ਦਾ/-ਦੀ/-ਦੇ (-dā/-dī/-de, agreeing with gender and number) to the verb stem, followed by a form of ਹੈ (hai). Where Hindi says "kartā", Punjabi says "kardā". Conjugated here for ਕਰਨਾ (karnā, "to do").
- Punjabi negation with ਨਹੀਂਨਹੀਂ (nahīṅ) is Punjabi's everyday negator, placed before the verb. In fast speech it is often shortened to "ni".
- Punjabi postpositionsLike Hindi, Punjabi places small words after the noun instead of before it — but the words themselves differ: ਨੂੰ (nūṅ) instead of "ko", ਤੋਂ (toṅ) instead of "se".
- Punjabi question wordsPunjabi wh-questions use a fixed set of question words placed where the answer would go; ਕੀ (kī) at the start of a sentence also turns it into a yes/no question.
- Punjabi sentence structure — building a basic sentencePunjabi follows Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. Adjectives come before the noun, and postpositions come after it.
- Punjabi numbers 1–10The Punjabi numerals 1 through 10. Gurmukhi also has its own digits (੧ ੨ ੩ …), still seen in gurdwaras and on older signage.
Festivals
Punjabi festivals & celebrations
Lohri — ਲੋਹੜੀ
January 13 · the last night of the month of Poh, eve of Maghi
Maghi — ਮਾਘੀ
January 14 · first day of the month of Magh (Makar Sankranti)
Hola Mohalla — ਹੋਲਾ ਮਹੱਲਾ
March · the day after Holi, at Anandpur Sahib
Vaisakhi — ਵਿਸਾਖੀ
April 13 or 14 · first day of the month of Vaisakh
Teeyan — ਤੀਆਂ
July–August · the monsoon month of Sawan
Guru Nanak Gurpurab — ਗੁਰਪੁਰਬ
October–November · full moon of Kattak (Kartik Puranmashi)
Bandi Chhor Divas — ਬੰਦੀ ਛੋੜ ਦਿਵਸ
October–November · same day as Diwali
Culture
Punjabi culture & traditions
Punjabi food
Punjabi cooking is hearty farmhouse food built on wheat, dairy and ghee — tandoor-baked breads, slow-cooked dals and winter greens. The Sikh tradition of langar, the free community kitchen, means every gurdwara also serves a simple meal to anyone who walks in.
Punjabi music
From the Sufi kafis of Bulleh Shah and the kirtan of the gurdwara to the dhol-driven bhangra that now fills dance floors worldwide, Punjabi music spans the devotional and the exuberant.
Punjabi dance
Bhangra began as the Punjabi farmer's celebration of the harvest and giddha as the women's answer to it — both now define Punjabi celebrations from village weddings to global stages.
Punjabi films
Punjabi cinema — often called Pollywood — boomed from the 2010s on the back of comedies and period dramas, with a strong following in Canada, the UK and Australia alongside Punjab itself.
Punjabi traditional attire
Women wear the salwar kameez with the pleated Patiala salwar and a dupatta, often embroidered in phulkari. For Sikh men the turban (pagg or dastaar) is an article of faith; the kurta-chadra is worn for bhangra.