Gujarati grammar
Gujarati sentence structure — building a basic sentence
Gujarati follows Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. Adjectives come before the noun, and postpositions come after it.
I eat rice
હું ભાત ખાઉં છું
huṁ bhāt khāuṁ chuṁ
Literally "I rice eat" — the verb always comes last.
The big house
મોટું ઘર
moṭuṁ ghar
Adjectives precede the noun, same order as English.
to the market
બજારમાં
bajārmāṁ
Postpositions follow the noun, the reverse of an English preposition.
She is reading a book
તે પુસ્તક વાંચે છે
tē pustak vāṅcē chē
Subject → object → verb, in that fixed order.
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More Gujarati grammar lessons
Gujarati personal pronouns
Gujarati distinguishes informal તું from polite/plural તમે, and — like Marathi — splits "we" into inclusive and exclusive forms. Gujarati third-person pronouns stay the same across genders; gender instead shows up in the verb and adjective endings around them.
Gujarati present tense verbs
Gujarati present tense combines a verb-stem ending with a form of છું/છે/છો (chuṁ/chē/chō, "am/is/are"). Conjugated here for કરવું (karvuṁ, "to do").
Gujarati negation — નથી vs. નહીં
Gujarati has two negators: નથી (nathī), a fused negative form of "to be" used for identity, existence and possession, and નહીં (nahīṁ), used to negate other verbs and actions.
Gujarati postpositions
Gujarati attaches short postpositions to the noun, and the possessive postposition changes form to agree with the noun's gender.
Gujarati question words
Gujarati wh-questions use a fixed set of question words; શું (śuṁ) placed at the start of a sentence can also mark a plain yes/no question.
Gujarati numbers 1–10
The Gujarati numerals 1 through 10.