Gujarati grammar
Gujarati present tense verbs
Gujarati present tense combines a verb-stem ending with a form of છું/છે/છો (chuṁ/chē/chō, "am/is/are"). Conjugated here for કરવું (karvuṁ, "to do").
I do
હું કરું છું
huṁ karuṁ chuṁ
First person singular.
You (informal) do
તું કરે છે
tuṁ kare chē
Second person informal.
You (formal) do
તમે કરો છો
tamē karo chō
Second person formal/plural.
He/she/it does
તે કરે છે
tē kare chē
Third person singular — the verb ending, not the pronoun, would show gender if the subject were named.
We do (exclusive)
અમે કરીએ છીએ
amē karīē chīē
First person plural.
They do
તેઓ કરે છે
tēō kare chē
Third person plural.
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More Gujarati grammar lessons
Gujarati personal pronouns
Gujarati distinguishes informal તું from polite/plural તમે, and — like Marathi — splits "we" into inclusive and exclusive forms. Gujarati third-person pronouns stay the same across genders; gender instead shows up in the verb and adjective endings around them.
Gujarati negation — નથી vs. નહીં
Gujarati has two negators: નથી (nathī), a fused negative form of "to be" used for identity, existence and possession, and નહીં (nahīṁ), used to negate other verbs and actions.
Gujarati postpositions
Gujarati attaches short postpositions to the noun, and the possessive postposition changes form to agree with the noun's gender.
Gujarati question words
Gujarati wh-questions use a fixed set of question words; શું (śuṁ) placed at the start of a sentence can also mark a plain yes/no question.
Gujarati sentence structure — building a basic sentence
Gujarati follows Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. Adjectives come before the noun, and postpositions come after it.
Gujarati numbers 1–10
The Gujarati numerals 1 through 10.