Gujarati grammar
Gujarati negation — નથી vs. નહીં
Gujarati has two negators: નથી (nathī), a fused negative form of "to be" used for identity, existence and possession, and નહીં (nahīṁ), used to negate other verbs and actions.
This is not a book
આ પુસ્તક નથી
ā pustak nathī
નથી negates an identity/description statement.
There is no water
પાણી નથી
pāṇī nathī
નથી also negates existence.
I don't have money
મારી પાસે પૈસા નથી
mārī pāsē paisā nathī
નથી also negates possession.
I don't go
હું જતો નથી
huṁ jato nahīṁ
નહીં negates an ongoing action/verb.
No (plain answer)
ના
nā
The everyday standalone word for "no."
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More Gujarati grammar lessons
Gujarati personal pronouns
Gujarati distinguishes informal તું from polite/plural તમે, and — like Marathi — splits "we" into inclusive and exclusive forms. Gujarati third-person pronouns stay the same across genders; gender instead shows up in the verb and adjective endings around them.
Gujarati present tense verbs
Gujarati present tense combines a verb-stem ending with a form of છું/છે/છો (chuṁ/chē/chō, "am/is/are"). Conjugated here for કરવું (karvuṁ, "to do").
Gujarati postpositions
Gujarati attaches short postpositions to the noun, and the possessive postposition changes form to agree with the noun's gender.
Gujarati question words
Gujarati wh-questions use a fixed set of question words; શું (śuṁ) placed at the start of a sentence can also mark a plain yes/no question.
Gujarati sentence structure — building a basic sentence
Gujarati follows Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. Adjectives come before the noun, and postpositions come after it.
Gujarati numbers 1–10
The Gujarati numerals 1 through 10.